- PII
- S30345596S0044460X25070077-1
- DOI
- 10.7868/S3034559625070077
- Publication type
- Article
- Status
- Published
- Authors
- Volume/ Edition
- Volume 95 / Issue number 7-8
- Pages
- 305-318
- Abstract
- The reaction of urea with ethylene glycol to form ethylene carbonate catalyzed by zinc lactate was studied by the quantum-chemical density functional method B3LYP. The interaction proceeds in two stages. In the first stage, 2-hydroxyethylcarbamate is formed, which is transformed to ethylene carbonate and ammonia in the second stage. The stage limiting the reaction rate is the first stage. Four independent routes for the formation of 2-hydroxyethylcarbamate were revealed. Both monomeric and dimeric glycol molecules take part in its formation. The routes involving dimeric glycol molecules are kinetically and thermodynamically more favorable. In the zinc lactate-catalyzed transformation of 2-hydroxyethylcarbamate into ethylene carbonate, ethylene glycol acts as an effective co-catalyst. This stage is essentially reversible. The use of super stoichiometric amounts of ethylene glycol, the use of elevated temperatures, and the removal of ammonia from the reaction medium are factors that allow the successful production of ethylene carbonate by urea glycolysis under zinc lactate catalysis.
- Keywords
- квантово-химические расчеты мочевина этиленкарбонат катализ
- Date of publication
- 04.07.2025
- Year of publication
- 2025
- Number of purchasers
- 0
- Views
- 37
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